The neonatal period extends through the first 28 days of life. About 10% of newborn require assistance with respiration at birth but only 1% require active resuscitation. At least one person who is skilled in resuscitation of newborns should be present at every delivery. Rapid assessment regarding term gestation, respiration/crying, and muscle tone helps in identifying the babies who require resuscitation. Resuscitation is often needed during an emergent cesarean section for fetal distress. In the event that the anesthesiologist is the only one available to treat the newborn, the neonatal warmer should be brought to the head of the OR table to facilitate the treatment and monitoring the mother and child until the pediatrician arrives.