Residual neuromuscular blockade should be addressed. Lung expansion maneuvers (deep breathing, incentive spirometry, chest physiotherapy, suctioning, and/or noninvasive ventilation with CPAP/BiPAP) should be immediately available to all patients who are identified to be at high risk. Thromboembolism prophylaxis, effective pain management, and selective use of nasogastric tubes are also important to reduce POPCs. The possibility of (invasive or noninvasive) postoperative ventilatory support should be anticipated and discussed with the patient. In those requiring this, a lung protective strategy should be considered.