The conventional anesthesia machine works well and meets almost all needs. Machine-related morbidity and mortality are usually attributable to human misuse (e.g., unrecognized breathing circuit disconnection) rather than to true equipment failure. Conventional machines are at the end of their evolutionary cycle, however, and the introduction of a new generation of machines is well under way. Next-generation anesthesia machines present many challenges to anesthetists in terms of their increased complexity, changed layout and function, and integration of new technologies. Notable advantages of some newer machines include the following: