Local Anesthetics - General Principles
History
History: Clinical local anesthetics refer almost exclusively to the ester and amide-linked sodium channel blockers synthesized from the benzoate ring of cocaine isolated from the coca plant of Peru. Other sodium channel blockers exist, but unless otherwise specified (in Chapter 19, Section IV.A) “local anesthetics” refers to the cocaine derivatives.
There's more to see -- the rest of this topic is available only to subscribers.
Citation
Pino, Richard M., editor. "Local Anesthetics - General Principles." Clinical Anesthesia Procedures, 10th ed., Wolters Kluwer, 2022. Anesthesia Central, anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/ClinicalAnesthesiaProcedures/728241/3/Local_Anesthetics___General_Principles.
Local Anesthetics - General Principles. In: Pino RMR, ed. Clinical Anesthesia Procedures. Wolters Kluwer; 2022. https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/ClinicalAnesthesiaProcedures/728241/3/Local_Anesthetics___General_Principles. Accessed July 28, 2025.
Local Anesthetics - General Principles. (2022). In Pino, R. M. (Ed.), Clinical Anesthesia Procedures (10th ed.). Wolters Kluwer. https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/ClinicalAnesthesiaProcedures/728241/3/Local_Anesthetics___General_Principles
Local Anesthetics - General Principles [Internet]. In: Pino RMR, editors. Clinical Anesthesia Procedures. Wolters Kluwer; 2022. [cited 2025 July 28]. Available from: https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/ClinicalAnesthesiaProcedures/728241/3/Local_Anesthetics___General_Principles.
* Article titles in AMA citation format should be in sentence-case
TY - ELEC
T1 - Local Anesthetics - General Principles
ID - 728241
ED - Pino,Richard M,
BT - Clinical Anesthesia Procedures
UR - https://anesth.unboundmedicine.com/anesthesia/view/ClinicalAnesthesiaProcedures/728241/3/Local_Anesthetics___General_Principles
PB - Wolters Kluwer
ET - 10
DB - Anesthesia Central
DP - Unbound Medicine
ER -